It is a work of art, it is history, and it is literature. The “Law Code of Hammurabi” is a Stele that was erected by the King of Babylon in the 18th century B.C. The goddess’s name is Ningal, the wife of the moon god Nanna, who petitions the leaders of the gods, to change their minds and not to destroy Ur. The account recounts the wrath of god’s storm, and invoke the protection of the gods against future calamities. Interspersed with the goddess’s wailing are other sections, which describe the ghost town that Ur has become. The lament is composed of over four hundred lines and describes how the goddess, weeps for her city after pleading with the leader of the Mesopotamian gods to call back the destructive storm. The Cuneiform clay tablet is a Sumerian lament composed around the time of the fall of Ur to the Elamites and the end of the city’s third dynasty in about 2000 BC. The “Lamentation over the city of Ur” dates back at least 4000 years to ancient Sumer, the world’s first urban civilization. The flood story was included because, in it, the flood hero is granted immortality by the gods, and that fits the immortality theme of the epic. One of these poems mentions Gilgamesh’s journey to meet the flood hero, as well as a short version of the flood story. Gilgamesh’s reign is believed to have been about 2700 BCE, shortly before the earliest known written stories. The earliest Sumerian Gilgamesh poems date from 2100–2000 BCE. The flood story was added to the Gilgamesh Epic utilized surviving Babylonian deluge stories from older Sumerian poems which inspired the flood myth. The Gilgamesh Flood Tablet contains the flood story from the Epic of Gilgamesh, which is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia that is often regarded as the earliest surviving great work of literature. Highlights Tour of Ancient Texts Gilgamesh Flood Tablet – 7th century BC Ancient Texts and Historically Influential Books.Original Manuscript of Alice in Wonderland – 1864.Lincoln’s Handwritten Gettysburg Address – 1863.Gardner’s Photographic Sketchbook of the Civil War – 1863.“The History of England” by Jane Austen – 1791.“Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral” by Phillis Wheatley – 1766.Virtual Tour of Historically Influential Books The Belles Heures of Jean of France, Duke of Berry – 1405.Fragment of the Heliand, The Saxon and Viking Bible – 830.Vienna Dioscurides – Juliana Anicia Codex – 515.Constitution of the Athenians by Aristotle – 100.Book of the Dead – Papyrus of Ani and Hunefe – 1250 BC.Egyptian–Hittite Peace Treaty – 1259 BC.Gilgamesh Flood Tablet – 7th century BC.Our tour of ancient texts and influential books can help us to understand better and appreciate our world. Some of our most important ancient and historical artifacts are the documents that propelled humanity forward. Ancient Texts and Historically Influential Books – Virtual TourĪncient and Historical texts can be found in many different forms, which can include Clay Tablets, Stone, Stele, Papyrus, Vellum, Metal, Wax, Wood, and Paper.īefore the spread of writing, oral information did not always survive well however, with the invention of writing, humanity was able to accelerate its ambition.
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