By reducing the size of the stomach, people can’t eat as much as they used to, so they consume fewer calories. With the sleeve, which now makes up more than 50 percent of weight loss surgeries in the US, surgeons staple off and remove about 80 percent of the stomach, transforming the organ from a wide football shape into a slim banana (or sleeve) shape. Both of these methods permanently alter the digestive tract to help people lose an average of about 30 percent of their original bodyweight (and keep most of it off - more on that later). ![]() The majority of bariatric procedures in America today involve the gastric sleeve and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Now researchers are generating longer-term data showing some of the current surgical methods that can lead to dramatic and durable weight loss, and, even more remarkably, improvements in people’s long-term health outcomes. And some kinds of bariatric surgery (most recently, the lap band approach) have fallen out of favor. Surgeons’ methods were crude at first but have vastly improved over the years. By the late 1960s, bariatric surgery was being tried in humans. In the 1950s, researchers noticed that shortening the small intestines of dogs hampered their ability to absorb calories and caused them to lose weight. Jaw wiring, which involved literally wiring the jaws shut to stop people from eating, was among the early approaches. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates from 2016 show that 40 percent of US adults and 19 percent of youth are obese.īut long before that, doctors were searching for ways to alter people’s bodies to help them eat less food. The obesity crisis in America really began to take off in the 1970s. Weight loss surgeries work by reducing the size of the stomach and suppressing hormones related to hunger and satiety But bariatric surgery’s benefits appear to vastly outweigh its harms on average, and it is shaping up to be a genuine help for people struggling through one of the most urgent health crises of our time. Even the best surgeries don’t work in some people and can cause disturbing side effects in rare cases. ![]() And surgery isn’t for people with a few pounds to lose it’s reserved for those with severe obesity. To be clear, not all weight loss surgeries are created equal: The gastric bypass and gastric sleeve operations are considered superior to the lap band, for example. Why? Polling data shows that many Americans still think it’s dangerous and ineffective. Yet out of the 20 million people who are eligible in the US, fewer than 1 percent get bariatric surgery for weight loss, according to the Obesity Society. It’s also why the American Academy of Pediatrics is now endorsing the operation as a “safe and effective” option for adolescents with severe obesity. That’s why Medicaid now covers the procedure in 46 states, and so do national health systems in countries like Israel, Brazil, and Canada. A recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated this once again. High quality studies on the long-term health outcomes of people with obesity who got surgery show, on average, that they’re able to lose dramatic amounts of weight, and even reverse or prevent their obesity-related health conditions, like diabetes and high cholesterol. ![]() The medical case for bariatric surgery has grown much stronger in recent years. Jewel’s journey: when everything else failed, this teen turned to weight loss surgery
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